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Scramjet being
developed
A Scramjet is a jet engine with no moving
parts. It works by air entering the front
of the engine, which is large, then being
compressed as it passes through the
engine which gets narrower in the middle.
Fuel is then added to the compressed air
giving propulsion. Scramjet's only work
after they are traveling at high speeds
when air is being forced through the
engine, they cannot fly from a
standstill. A remote controlled NASA
Scramjet reached 9 times the speed of
sound in 2011 before crashing. They are
expected to be able to reach 24 times the
speed of sound. The fastest aircraft
before this was the Lockheed SR-71
"Blackbird" spy plane that traveled about
3 times the speed of sound. This type of
propulsion has been attempted from the
early 1900s with little success. A
Scramjet aircraft is expected to cut the
flight time between London and Australia
from 21 hours to under 2 hours.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet
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Optical Fiber
1980
Optical fibers are now widely used in
fiber-optic communications, which allows
transmissions of data over longer
distances at higher bandwidths (data
rates) than other forms of communication
before such as metal wires. Telephones
and the Internet are the most well known
users of this invention. Although the
transmitting of data by Fibre Optics has
been pursued for over 100 years, it was
not until 1980 that companies began using
Fibre Optics to link major cities. Nobody
has been credited with inventing the
modern day Fibre Optic system. Claims
have been made that the system was
back-engineered from crashed alien
spacecraft.
www.greatachievements.org/?id=3706
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Personal
Computers early 1970s/ Internet
born 1987/ first computers that can be
compared to todays 1990s
Personal computers were developed from
the early 1970s by companies such as
Hewlett Packard, Xerox, Apple Computer's
Macintosh, IBM, Microsoft's Windows and
Comodore. In 1984, Apple Computers
introduced the first reliable and
affordable mouse for point and click
navigation through the computer. This
allowed the mass production of user
friendly point and click software leading
to the personal computers seen today.
This first Apple computer was extremely
limited with only 128 KB of Ram Memory (Fast Memory). If a computers Ram is overloaded, it Crashes.
By the early 1990s ram memory began
increasing from 2 MB, about 20 times more
than the first Apple. By the early 2000s,
computers were appearing with 128 MB of
Ram that is still enough for some people
today, although easily overloaded to a
crash using high data programmes. Ram has steadily ingreased to 20
GB in 2011 that is the equivilent of
20,480 MB. I GB of Ram can cope easily with
video editing so it seems Ram reaching 20
GB has been for use in gaming computers,
that seem never to have enough
momory.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer
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Integrated Circuit/
Silicon Chip/ Micro Chip
1960s/1970s
An integrated circuit is an electronic
circuit manufactured into a thin form of
semiconductor material, now normaly
silicon. Integrated circuits are now used
in virtually every electronic device
making them more reliable, less expensive
and a fraction of the size. Although the
integrated circuit was being pursued from
the early 1900s, it wasn't until the
1960s/1970s that the invention was mass
produced for public use. The first hand
held calculator was developed in 1967 and
the first Digital Watch was produced in
1974. Jack Kilby, who produced the first
hand held calculator, is probably the
most recognized inventor of the
integrated circuit, for which he received
the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year
2000.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit
Timeline
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Television
1923/ first regular broadcasts 1929/
colour TVs US from 1950s, Europe from
1960s
The Scottish engineer John Logie Baird
designed the world's first working
television system in 1923. His first
public demonstration took place in
Selfridges department store in London in
March 1925. The BBC began the world's
first regular television broadcasts in
January 1929, using Baird's system. Mass
production of TVs between 1945 and 1956
saw them appear in most reasonably well
off homes. Colour TVs were sold in the US
from the 1950s and in the UK and Europe
from the 1960s, although it was the 1970s
before they were commonplace, 28 to 32
inch screens were seen as large then. The
first remote controls emerged in 1956.
The first large plasma TVs were
manufactured in 1997 with 42 inch
screens. By 2004, large Liquid-crystal
display (LCD) screens were being sold as
an alternative to plasma TVs. By 2005,
plasma and LCDs had put and end to the
old tube type TVs. The first consumer
videocassette recorders were launched in
1971. The first DVD players were sold
around the world from 1996 to 1999.
en.wikipedia.org/Vikki/History_of_television
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Powered
Aircraft 1903/ first passenger
service 1919/ first direct transatlantic
passenger service 1958
The first successful, powered, piloted
flight took place in 1903 by the Wright
Brothers. This first flight lasted just
12 seconds. World War One (1914-1919) saw
increased development of aircraft with
speeds being acheived by the end of the
war at over 100 mph, carrying guns and
bombs. World War Two (1939-1945) saw
aircraft speed increase to over 400 mph.
Jet engines began appearing in the last
year of the war capaple of reaching over
500 mph. Britain and
France introduce one of the first
passenger services in 1919, this being
across the English Channel between London
and Paris. The British built De
Havilland Comet became the first jet
powered passenger service flying between
London and South Africa in 1952. The
Comet also provided the first direct
transatlantic passenger service, this
being between London and New York in
1958.
www.greatachievements.org/?id=3728
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Diesel Engine
1893
The German inventor Rudolph Diesel
displayed his first efficient Diesel
Engine in 1893. This engine works by the
piston pushing up compressing the air at
the top of the chamber making it hot,
then Diesel is injected into the hot air
at the top of the chamber to make the
combustion and push the piston back down,
there are no spark plugs in a Diesel
engine. Diesel can be obtained from crude
oil and vegetable oils. The first boat to
be powered by a Diesel engine was in
1903. The first submarine to use Diesel
engines was in 1904. The Diesel engine
was used on the surface and electric
power when submerged. The first car to be
produced with a Diesel engine was a
Citroen in 1933. Most of the worlds
largest ships, and largest trucks, are
now powered by massive Diesel engines.
The first large transatlantic liner to be
powered by Diesel engines was the 573
feet long SS Gripsholm that entered
service in 1925.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine
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Petrol/Gasoline
Engine 1887/ large scale
production of cars for the public from
1908
Gottlieb Daimler invented what is
normally recognized as the prototype of
the modern gas engine. His first engine
had a vertical cylinder with gasoline
injected through a carburetor. He
patented the engine design in 1887.
Daimler first built a two-wheeled vehicle
named the Reitwagen (Riding Carriage),
then a year later built the world's first
four-wheeled motor vehicle. A petrol
engine works with a mixture of
petrol/gasoline and air fed into the top
of a cylinder as a piston is close to the
top, a spark is then sent into the
mixture to create an explosion to push
the piston down. Petrol engines are
normally used in cars, motor bikes and
lawnmowers as they give a high
performance. Diesel engines tend to last
longer and get more miles to the gallon
but have less performance and produce
more toxic emissions. The first
affordable mass produced petrol engine
cars where the Model T Ford that went on
sale in 1908.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine
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Electricity
1800/ first light bulbs 1880s/ first
electric sockets 1910s
Although electricity had been known about
for centuries, Alessandro Volta was the
first person to make use of it by
manufacturing batteries from 1800. Light bulbs were
invented in the late 1870s but were not
commonplace in homes until the 1930s. The
first electric kettle was seen in 1886,
first electric iron in 1881, first
thermostatically controlled electric iron
in the 1920s, the first electric hoovers
appeared in the 1930s. Although electric
fridges were being mass produced
from1927, electric fridges and washing
machines did not become commonplace until
the 1960s due to their high cost. The
first florescent lamps were installed in
factories in 1904. Compact florescent
light bulbs (CFLs), also known as
energy-saving light bulbs, were
introduced in the late 1980s. No more
original light bulbs will be manufactured
from 2012.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity
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Steam Engine
1698/ passenger steam trains from 1807/
London to Aberdeen line opened in 1850
covering 500 miles
Although inventors had been dabbling with
steam power for centuries, it was Thomas
Savery who built the first practical
device in 1698 for pumping water out of
coal mines with steam pushing pistons. In
1765, James Watt patented a new design of
Steam Engine that became the design that
would be used over the following 200
years plus. The first steamboat took to
the water in 1787 when John Fitch made
the first successful trial of a
forty-five-foot steamboat on the Delaware
River, USA. The first steam train ran in
1804 near Merthyr Tydfil in Wales. The
first passenger service began from
Swansea in Wales in 1807. The first steam
trains began running in the US in 1830.
By 1869, steam trains could travel
between the east and west coast of the US
by the transcontinental Central Pacific
Railroad. The first Diesel powered trains
began entering service in 1912 but took
until the 1950s before they really began
taking over from Steam Trains. Diesel
engines were installed in large ships
from the 1920s.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine
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